راهکارهای برنامه‌های برتر حفاظت وب در مقابله با چالش‌های فنی حفاظت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شیراز

2 کارشناس ارشد علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، پایگاه استنادی علوم جهان اسلام

چکیده

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی برنامه‌های حفاظت وب به‌منظور شناسایی راهکارهای آنها در مواجهه باچالش فنی است.
روش: گردآوری داده‌ها به روش متن‌پژوهی انجام شد. به این ترتیب که برای شناسایی و بررسی راهکارهای چالش‌ فنی، گستره‌ای از متون اعم از مقالات، دستنامه‌ها و مستندات و وب‌سایت‌های برنامه‌های برتر جست‌وجو و مطالعه شدند. همچنین برای تکمیل اطلاعات، با مسئولان برنامه‌ها تماس گرفته شد. همچنین، برنامه‌های برتر حفاظت وب از طریق جست‌وجو در گوگل، مستندات، مقالات و راهنماهای معتبر شناسایی شدند. پس از بررسی و حذف برنامه‌های به‌نسبت ضعیف‌تر، در نهایت 61 برنامۀ برتر شناسایی و بررسی شدند.
یافته‌ها: دشواری‌های حفاظت از نظر فنی که در برنامه‌های برتر حفاظت وب بررسی قرار شدند عبارتند از: اجزای حفاظت‌شده، راهبرد حفاظت، روش حفاظت از نسخه‌ها، فراداده، نوع فراداده، روش ایجاد فراداده، خدمات جست‌وجو و مرور، انواع سبک‌های جست‌وجو و مرور، خدمات نمایه‌سازی، فهرست‌نویسی و رده‌بندی، نرم‌افزارهای دروگری، نرم‌افزارهای دسترسی، نرم‌افزارهای نمایه‌سازی و مدل حفاظتی. برنامه‌های برتر راهکارهای مختلفی را برای مواجهه با چالش‌های فنی در پیش گرفته‌اند. راهکارهای کنونی نیز از وضعیت آرمانی فاصله دارند و به‌دلیل داشتن نقاط قوت و ضعف خاص، راهکار واحد و استانداردی برای چالش‌ها وجود ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Top web preservation programs’ solutions in facing technical challenges

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hajar Sotudeh 1
  • kianoosh Rashidi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Sciences, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
2 Knowledge and Information Sciences, Islamic World Science Citation, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The present study aims to verify web preservation projects and programs in order to explore their preferred solutions in tackling the technical challenges.
 
Method: A documentary method was used to identify and analyze web-preservation-related literature, including papers, handbooks, web sites and documents. The programs’ persons in charge were also questioned. Besides, top web preservation programs and projects were identified and studied using Google search, as well as the programs' interfaces and documents, related directories and literature. After verifying and filtering the programs, 61 top ones were remained to be studied.
Findings: The web preservation technical challenges can be categorized into several categories including the components to be preserved, the preservation strategy; the versions & editions to be preserved; metadata; metadata types; metadata production methods; searching & browsing services and modes; indexing services; classification & cataloging; harvesting, access & indexing software; and preservation model. The operational programs were found to choose various solutions to overcome the technical challenges. However, there still remains a wide range of problems hindering an ideal implementation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • preservation programs
  • Technical challenges
  • web preservation

مراجع

رشیدی، کیانوش(1390). بررسی برنامه‌های حفاظت دیجیتال مواد وبی و راهکارهای آنها در مواجهه با چالش‌های مربوطه. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی.
Ashley, K. , Davis, R. , Guy, M. , Kelly, B., Pinsent, Ed. & Farrell,  S. (2010). A Guide to Web Preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://jiscpowr.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2010/06/Guide-2010-final.pdf.
Barve, S. (2007). File Formats in Digital Preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://drtc.isibang.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1849/312/027_p48_sunita-barve_ana-formatted.pdf?sequence=1.

Caplan, P. (2008). Repository to Repository Transfer of Enriched Archival Information Packages. D-Lib Magazine, 14(11/12).

Christensen , NH. (2004).Towards format repositories for web archives.  Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://iwaw.europarchive.org/04/Christensen.pdf.

Constantopoulos, P., Doerr, M. & Petraki , M. (2005) . Reliability modelling for long term digital preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/publications/paperlink/Reliability%20modelling.pdf.

Day, M. (1998). Metadata for Digital Preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue22/metadata/.

Day, M. (2006). Long_Term Preservation of Web Content. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from  www.ukoln.ac.uk/preservation/publications/2006/web.../md-final-draft.pdf.
Hedstrom, M. (1998). Digital Preservation: A Time Bomb for Digital Libraries. Computers and the Humanities, 31: 189–202.
Hodge, G. & Frangakis, E. (2004). Digital Preservation Access to Scientific Information: The State of the Practice. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.dtic.mil/cgiin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
Kelly, B. (2002) . Approaches to the preservation of  web sites. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/online-information-2002/paper.pdf.
Kuny, T. (1997). A Digital Dark Ages? Challenges in the Preservation of Electronic Information. In: IFLA Council and General Conference. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla63/63kuny1.pdf.
Mellor, P., Wheatley , P., Sergeant,  D. (2002). Migration on Request, a Practical Technique for Preservation. In: European Conference on Digital Libraries - ECDL
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Ross, S. (2003). Challenges to Digital Preservation and Building Digital Libraries. Available at: http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/209e-Ross.pdf
Smith, A. (2003). New-model scholarship: how will it survive? Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub114abst.html
Thompson, D. (2008). Digital Curation Manual. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/3345/1/McHugh%20open-source.pdf
Wheatley, P. (2004) . Digital Preservation and BBC Domesday. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/emg/library/pdf/wheatley/Wheatley-EMG2004.pdf.

Zabicka , P. , & Matejky, L.(2007). Czech Web Archive Analysis. New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 13(1): 27-37.

Ashley, K. , Davis, R. , Guy, M. , Kelly, B., Pinsent, Ed. & Farrell,  S. (2010). A Guide to Web Preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://jiscpowr.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2010/06/Guide-2010-final.pdf.
Barve, S. (2007). File Formats in Digital Preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://drtc.isibang.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1849/312/027_p48_sunita-barve_ana-formatted.pdf?sequence=1.

Caplan, P. (2008). Repository to Repository Transfer of Enriched Archival Information Packages. D-Lib Magazine, 14(11/12).

Christensen , NH. (2004).Towards format repositories for web archives.  Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://iwaw.europarchive.org/04/Christensen.pdf.

Constantopoulos, P., Doerr, M. & Petraki , M. (2005) . Reliability modelling for long term digital preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/publications/paperlink/Reliability%20modelling.pdf.

Day, M. (1998). Metadata for Digital Preservation. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue22/metadata/.

Day, M. (2006). Long_Term Preservation of Web Content. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from  www.ukoln.ac.uk/preservation/publications/2006/web.../md-final-draft.pdf.
Emmanuelle, Bermes and  Gildas, Illien (2009). “Metrics and Strategies for Web Heritage Management and Preservation”. In: 75TH IFLA General Conference and Council(23-27 August 2009, Milan, Italy).
Hedstrom, M. (1998). Digital Preservation: A Time Bomb for Digital Libraries. Computers and the Humanities, 31: 189–202.
Hodge, G. & Frangakis, E. (2004). Digital Preservation Access to Scientific Information: The State of the Practice. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.dtic.mil/cgiin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
Kelly, B. (2002) . Approaches to the preservation of  web sites. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/online-information-2002/paper.pdf.
Kuny, T. (1997). A Digital Dark Ages? Challenges in the Preservation of Electronic Information. In: IFLA Council and General Conference. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla63/63kuny1.pdf.
Mellor, P., Wheatley , P., Sergeant,  D. (2002). Migration on Request, a Practical Technique for Preservation. In: European Conference on Digital Libraries - ECDL
Mikeal, A., Green, C., Maslov, A., Phillips, S. & Leggett , J. (2007). Preserving the Scholarly Side of the Web. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/5680/LA%20WEB%202006%20Paper.pdf?sequence=1.
National Library of Australia (2003). Guidelines for the Preservation Of Digital Heritage. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001300/130071e.pdf.
OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata (2001). Preservation Metadata for Digital Objects: A Review of the State of the Art. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/past/orprojects/pmwg/presmeta_wp.pdf
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Rauber,  Andreas (2008).”  IT Research Challenges in Digital Preservation”. Available at: http://rcdl.ru/doc/2009/103_110_Invited-1.pdf.
Ross, S. (2003). Challenges to Digital Preservation and Building Digital Libraries. Available at: http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/209e-Ross.pdf
Smith, A. (2003). New-model scholarship: how will it survive? Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub114abst.html
Thompson, D. (2008). Digital Curation Manual. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/3345/1/McHugh%20open-source.pdf
Wheatley, P. (2004) . Digital Preservation and BBC Domesday. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/emg/library/pdf/wheatley/Wheatley-EMG2004.pdf.

Zabicka , P. , & Matejky, L.(2007). Czech Web Archive Analysis. New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 13(1): 27-37.

 
 

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