منابع
                                                                                                                دیانی، محمد حسین (۱۳۸۷). رواج مسئلهسازی و افول مسئلهیابی در تحقیقات کتابداری. کتابداری و 
                                                                                                                اطلاع رسانی، 11(1)، ۳-6.
                                                                                                                References
                                                                                                                Arlin, P. (1974). Problem finding: The relation between cognitive process variables 
                                                                                                                and problem finding performance (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Bair, C. R. (1999). Meta-synthesis. In annual meeting of the Association for the 
                                                                                                                Study of Higher Education, San Antonio, TX.
                                                                                                                Barber, L. (1969). Children’s problem finding and creative responses in and 
                                                                                                                between reading and art (Master's thesis).
                                                                                                                Basadur, M. (1979). Training in creative problem solving: effects on deferred 
                                                                                                                judgment and problem finding and solving in an industrial research 
                                                                                                                organization (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Brinkman, D. (1994). The effect of problem-finding and creativity style on the 
                                                                                                                musical compositions of high school students (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Catalano, A. (2013). Patterns of graduate students' information seeking behavior: A
                                                                                                                meta-synthesis of the literature. Journal of Documentation, 69(2), 243-274.
                                                                                                                Chand, I. & Runco, M. (1993). Problem finding skills as components in the creative
                                                                                                                process. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 155-162.
                                                                                                                Chen, B., Hu, W., & Plucker, J. (2014). The effect of mood on problem finding in
                                                                                                                scientific creativity. J Creat Behav, n/a-n/a.
                                                                                                                Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Getzels, J. W. (1970). Concern for discovery: An
                                                                                                                attitudinal component of creative production 1. Journal of Personality, 38(1), 91-105.
                                                                                                                Dandan, T., Wenfu, L., Tianen, D., Nusbaum, H., Jiang, Q., & Qinglin, Z. (2013).
                                                                                                                Brain mechanisms of valuable scientific problem finding inspired by heuristic knowledge. Exp Brain Res, 228(4), 437-443.
                                                                                                                Dewey, J. (1960). The quest for certainty: A study of the relation of knowledge and
                                                                                                                action. New York: Putnam.
                                                                                                                Dillon, J. T. (1982). Problem finding and solving. The journal of creative behavior,
                                                                                                                16(2), 97-111.
                                                                                                                Dudek, S. Z., & Côté, R. (1994). Problem finding revisited. In M. A. Runco (Ed.),
                                                                                                                Problem finding, problem solving and creativity (pp. 131–150). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
                                                                                                                Einstein, A., & Infeld, L. (1971). The evolution of physics: The growth of ideas from 
                                                                                                                early concepts to relativity and quanta. CUP Archive.
                                                                                                                Fontenot, N. (1987). The effects of training in creativity and creative problem-
                                                                                                                finding upon business people as measured by fluency, flexibility, and quality of the problem statement (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Franske, B. (2009). Engineering problem finding in high school students (Doctoral
                                                                                                                dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3360344)
                                                                                                                Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research 1.
                                                                                                                Educational researcher, 5(10), 3-8.
                                                                                                                Han, Q., Hu, W., Liu, J., Jia, X., & Adey, P. (2013). The influence of peer
                                                                                                                interaction on students' creative problem-finding ability. Creativity Research Journal, 25(3), 248-258.
                                                                                                                Holtz, J. (2002). Effect of graduate medical education on the divergent thinking and 
                                                                                                                problem finding abilities of resident physicians: A pilot study (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Hoover, S. (1994). Scientific problem finding in gifted fifth grade students. Roeper 
                                                                                                                Review, 16(3), 156-159.
                                                                                                                Hoover, S. & Feldhusen, J. (1990). The scientific hypothesis formulation ability of
                                                                                                                gifted ninth-grade students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), 838-848.
                                                                                                                Hu, W., Shi, Q., Han, Q., Wang, X., & Adey, P. (2010). Creative scientific problem
                                                                                                                finding and its developmental trend. Creativity Research Journal, 22(1), 46-52.
                                                                                                                Jay, E. (1996). The nature of problem finding in students' scientific inquiry (Doctoral
                                                                                                                dissertation).
                                                                                                                Jay, E. S., & Perkins, D. N. (1997). Creativity’s compass: A review of problem
                                                                                                                finding. In M. A. Runco (Ed.), Creativity research handbook, Vol. 1. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
                                                                                                                Kay, S. (1989). Differences in figural problem-solving and problem-finding 
                                                                                                                behavior among professional, semiprofessional, and non-artists (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Kousoulas, F. & Mega, G. (2007). Creative and critical thinking in the context of
                                                                                                                problem finding and problem solving: A research among students in primary school.
                                                                                                                LaBanca, F. (2008). Impact of problem finding on the quality of authentic open 
                                                                                                                inquiry science research projects (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3411366)
                                                                                                                Lai, L. (1991). Selective attention in problem finding (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Retrieved from https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/162455/Lai_1991.pdf
                                                                                                                Laidig, J. (1995). Problem finding, problem defining, and problem solving by novice 
                                                                                                                clinical teachers in nursing (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Lee, H. & Cho, Y. (2007). Factors affecting problem finding depending on degree of
                                                                                                                structure of problem situation. The Journal of Educational Research, 101(2), 113-123.
                                                                                                                Liu, M., Hu, W., Adey, P., Cheng, L., & Zhang, X. (2012). The impact of creative
                                                                                                                tendency, academic performance, and self-concept on creative science problem-finding. Psych Journal, 2(1), 39-47.
                                                                                                                McCaleb, G. (1979). Strategic problem finding for the foodservice manager
                                                                                                                (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Mackworth, N. H. (1965). Originality. American Psychologist, 20(1), 51-66.
                                                                                                                Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-ethnography: Synthesizing qualitative 
                                                                                                                studies (Vol. 11). sage.
                                                                                                                Okuda, S., Runco, M., & Berger, D. (1991). Creativity and the finding and solving
                                                                                                                of real-world problems. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 9(1), 45-53.
                                                                                                                Paletz, S. & Peng, K. (2009). Problem finding and contradiction: Examining the
                                                                                                                relationship between naive dialectical thinking, ethnicity, and creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 21(2-3), 139-151.
                                                                                                                Patricola, C. (2005). Impact of teachers' problem finding on their data finding and 
                                                                                                                problem defining (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Porath, M. (1974). IQ, cognitive level, and related information processing variables 
                                                                                                                as predictors of problem finding ability in intellectually gifted children (Master's thesis).
                                                                                                                Reed, C. (1992). Problem-finding: An empirical investigation of problem finding 
                                                                                                                and personality characteristics of academically talented and intellectually gifted secondary students (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Ritchie, K. (2009). The Process of Problem Finding in Inquiry Education: A Focus 
                                                                                                                on Students' Experiences (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Robertson, S. I. (2004). Problem solving (Chinese ed.). Beijing: Zhongguo Qing
                                                                                                                Gong Ye Chu Ban She.
                                                                                                                Runco, M. A. (1994). Problem finding, problem solving, and creativity. Greenwood
                                                                                                                Publishing Group.
                                                                                                                Runco, M. A. (2003). Critical creative processes. Hampton Press.
                                                                                                                Runco, M. A. (2014). Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and 
                                                                                                                practice. Elsevier.
                                                                                                                Runco, M. A., & Okuda, S. M. (1988). Problem discovery, divergent thinking, and
                                                                                                                the creative process. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17(3), 211-220.
                                                                                                                Sandelowski, M. & Barroso, J. (2003). Creating metasummaries of qualitative findings. Nursing Research, 52(4), 226-233.
                                                                                                                Starko, A. J. (2000). Finding the problem finders: Problem finding and the
                                                                                                                identification and development of talent.
                                                                                                                Tan, Y. & Caleon, I. (2015). Problem finding in professional learning communities:
                                                                                                                A learning study approach. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 60(2), 127-146.
                                                                                                                Treffinger, D. J., Isaksen, S. G., & Stead-Dorval, K. B. (2006). Creative problem 
                                                                                                                solving: An introduction. Prufrock Press Inc..
                                                                                                                Siu, K. W. M. (2002). Nurturing all-rounded problem solvers: Enabling students to
                                                                                                                recognise, discover, and invent problems. Learning in Technology Education: Challenges for the 21st Century, Centre for Technology Education Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, 211-221.
                                                                                                                Tracy, P. (2005). Design and problem-finding in high schools: A study of students 
                                                                                                                and their teacher in one Queensland school (Master's thesis).
                                                                                                                Washton, N. S. (1967). Teaching science creatively: a taxonomy of pupil questions.
                                                                                                                Science education, 51(5), 428-431.
                                                                                                                Wertheimer, M. (1959). Productive thinking. M. Wertheimer (Ed.). New York:
                                                                                                                Harper.
                                                                                                                Weissman, S. (2007). Art making and metacognition: How visual artists approach 
                                                                                                                problem finding and problem solving (Doctoral dissertation).
                                                                                                                Yoshioka, T., Suganuma, T., Tang, A., Matsushita, S., Manno, S., & Kozu, T.
                                                                                                                (2005). Facilitation of problem finding among first year medical school students undergoing problem-based learning. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 17(2), 136-141.
                                                                                                                Zimmer, L. (2006). Qualitative meta‐synthesis: a question of dialoguing with texts.
                                                                                                                Journal of advanced nursing, 53(3), 311-318.
                                                                                                                Zydney, J. (2004). The effect of different types of scaffolding in a multimedia 
                                                                                                                program on students' problem finding (Doctoral dissertation).