مرور نظام‌مند مطالعات مربوط به پرسش‌های پژوهش در جهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و تربیتی، دانشگاه دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و تربیتی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

10.22059/jlib.2026.408255.1807

چکیده

هدف: هدف این پژوهش، ارائه تصویری نظام‌مند از مطالعات جهانی مرتبط با «پرسش‌های پژوهش» و شناسایی محورهای اصلی، رویکردها و خلأهای موجود در این حوزه است. با وجود نقش بنیادین پرسش‌های پژوهش در شکل‌دهی فرایندهای علمی، بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که این موضوع در پژوهش‌های داخلی کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته و حتی در سطح بین‌المللی نیز فاقد یک طبقه‌بندی جامع و منسجم است. این مطالعه می‌کوشد با رویکردی تحلیلی و انتقادی، ضمن گردآوری و دسته‌بندی پیشینه‌های موجود، روندهای غالب، نقاط ضعف و حوزه‌های کمتر کاوش‌شده را مشخص کرده و زمینه‌ای برای هدایت پژوهش‌های آینده فراهم آورد.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش مرور نظام‌مند انجام شده است. در مرحله نخست، بیش از ۲۰۰ منبع علمی شناسایی شد که پس از اعمال معیارهای ارتباط، کیفیت و اهمیت علمی، ۶۷ مطالعه کلیدی برای تحلیل نهایی انتخاب گردید. مطالعات منتخب ابتدا در سه طبقه اصلی و سپس در زیرشاخه‌های دقیق‌تر دسته‌بندی شدند.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مطالعات مربوط به پرسش‌های پژوهش عمدتاً در سه محور متمرکز هستند: معیارهای ارزیابی و تدوین پرسش‌های پژوهش، حوزه‌های موضوعی، و منابع کتابی علمی. در محور معیارهای ارزیابی، چارچوب FINER همچنان غالب‌ترین الگو است، در حالی که چارچوب‌های توسعه‌یافته‌تری مانند FINERMAPS  و RIN.AFE کمتر به کار گرفته شده‌اند. در حوزه تدوین و صورت‌بندی پرسش‌های پژوهش، اجماع نظری مشخصی وجود ندارد و رویکردها از مدل‌های خطی تا فرایندهای پویا و تکرارشونده متغیرند. در حوزه‌های موضوعی، علوم پزشکی بیشترین سهم را دارد و توسعه چارچوب‌های ساختاریافته‌ای مانند PICO(T) حاصل نیازهای پژوهش‌های بالینی است. سایر حوزه‌ها، از جمله هوش مصنوعی و علوم انسانی، رویکردهای متنوع، اما پراکنده‌ای را دنبال کرده‌اند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که حوزه «پرسش‌های پژوهش» در سطح جهانی در حال گسترش و تحول است، اما از نظر مفهومی و انتقادی همچنان با پراکندگی و فقدان چارچوب‌های جامع مواجه است. تمرکز اصلی مطالعات بر تدوین و صورت‌بندی پرسش‌های پژوهش است، در حالی که معیارهای ارزیابی کمتر دچار تحول شده‌اند. این پژوهش با ترسیم نقشه‌ای منسجم از وضعیت موجود، بر ضرورت توجه بیشتر علوم انسانی و اجتماعی به ابعاد نظری پرسش‌های پژوهش تأکید می‌کند و نشان می‌دهد که ارتقای کیفیت پرسش‌ها، نقشی اساسی در بهبود آموزش روش پژوهش و تولید دانش علمی ایفا می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Systematic Review of Global Research on Research Questions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Navid Asgari 1
  • Gholamreza Heidari 2
1 Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a systematic overview of global research on research questions and to identify the main thematic axes, methodological approaches, and existing gaps in this field. Despite the fundamental role of research questions in shaping scientific inquiry, evidence suggests that this topic has received limited attention in domestic scholarship and, even at the international level, lacks a comprehensive and coherent classification.
Method: This study employs a systematic review methodology. In the initial stage, more than 200 articles were identified. After applying inclusion criteria related to relevance, methodological quality, and scholarly significance, 67 key studies were selected for final analysis. The selected studies were first classified into three main categories and subsequently organized into more specific subcategories.
Results: The findings indicate that research on research questions is primarily concentrated in three areas: criteria for evaluating and formulating research questions, disciplinary domains, and scholarly book-based resources. Within the evaluation criteria domain, the FINER framework remains the most dominant model, while more developed frameworks such as FINERMAPS and RIN.AFE are used far less frequently. In terms of the formulation and structuring of research questions, no clear theoretical consensus exists, with approaches ranging from linear models to dynamic and iterative processes. Regarding disciplinary domains, medical sciences account for the largest share of studies, and the development of structured frameworks such as PICO(T) reflects the specific demands of clinical research. Other fields, including artificial intelligence and the humanities, have adopted diverse but fragmented approaches.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the field of research questions is expanding and evolving globally; however, it remains characterized by conceptual fragmentation and a lack of comprehensive critical frameworks. While the formulation of research questions constitutes the primary focus of existing studies, evaluation criteria have undergone relatively limited theoretical development. By providing a coherent mapping of the current state of the literature, this study emphasizes the need for greater attention within the social sciences and humanities to the theoretical dimensions of research questions. It further demonstrates that improving the quality of research questions plays a crucial role in enhancing research methods education and advancing the production of scientific knowledge.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • research questions
  • characteristics of research questions
  • criteria for evaluating research questions
  • formulation of research questions

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تحقیقات کتابداری و اطلاع‌رسانی دانشگاهی
دوره 59، شماره 4
دی 1404
صفحه 1-28

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